According to From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
I have edited with ()
The original definition of sleep paralysis was codified by Dr. Samuel Johnson in his A Dictionary of the English Language as "nightmare," a term that evolved into our modern definition. Such sleep paralysis was widely considered to be the work of demons and more specifically incubi,(which we have covered and will cover more) which were thought to sit on the chests of sleepers. In Old English the name for these beings was mare or mære (from a proto-Germanic *marōn, cf. Old Norse mara), hence comes the mare part in nightmare. The word might be etymologically cognate to HellenicMarōn (in the Odyssey) and Sanskrit Māra.
Folk belief in Newfoundland, South Carolina and Georgia describe the negative figure of the Hag who leaves her physical body at night, and sits on the chest of her victim. The victim usually wakes with a feeling of terror, has difficulty breathing because of a perceived heavy invisible weight on his or her chest, and is unable to move i.e., experiences sleep paralysis. This nightmare experience is described as being "hag-ridden" in the Gullah lore. The "Old Hag" was a nightmare spirit in British and also Anglophone North American folklore.
In Fiji the experience is interpreted as "kana tevoro" being 'eaten' or possessed by a demon. In many cases the 'demon' can be the spirit of a recently dead relative who has come back for some unfinished business, or has come to communicate some important news to the living. Often persons sleeping near the afflicted person say "kania, kania" (eat! eat!) in an attempt to prolong the possession for a chance to converse with the dead relative or spirit and seek answers as to why he/she has come back. The person waking up from the experience is often asked to immediately curse or chase the spirit of the dead relative, which sometimes involves literally speaking to the spirit telling him/her to go away or using expletives.
In Nigeria, "ISP appears to be far more common and recurrent among people of African descent than among whites or Nigerian Africans"and is often referred to within African communities as "the Devil on your back.
In Turkey and in many of islamic beliefs, Sleep Paralysis is called "Karabasan"(this will be in our next post) which is very similar to the classic story of a demon visiting a person in sleep. Basically an islamic demon [(most commonly people say it is a Djinn (Cin in Turkish)] comes to one's room, holds him down hardly enough to not allow any kind of movement, starts to strangle the person and actually many people say that they hear the voice of the djinn or satan. To get rid of the demonic creature, one needs to pray to God (Allah in islamic beliefs) with certain lines from Quran. If one does not pray soon enough, it is said that the demonic creature will kill the person by strangling. Some woman actually believe the creature raped them through this process due to waking up with pain around the area of their genitalia and with a feeling of a headache.
Various forms of magic and spiritual possession were also advanced as causes. In nineteenth century Europe, the vagaries of diet were thought to be responsible. For example, in Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol, Ebenezer Scrooge attributes the ghost he sees to "... an undigested bit of beef, a blot of mustard, a crumb of cheese, a fragment of an underdone potato..." In a similar vein, the Household Cyclopedia (1881) offers the following advice about nightmares:
The jinn are mentioned frequently in the Qur’an, and there is a surah entitled Sūrat al-Jinn in the Quran

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According to From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia I have edited with () The original definition of sleep paralysis was codified by Dr. Samuel Johnson in his A Dictionary of the English Language as "nightmare," a term that evolved into our modern definition. Such sleep paralysis was widely considered to be the work of demons and more specifically incubi,(which we have covered and will cover more) which were thought to sit on the chests of sleepers. In Old English the name for these beings was mare or mære (from a proto-Germanic *marōn, cf. Old Norse mara), hence comes the mare part in nightmare. The word might be etymologically cognate to HellenicMarōn (in the Odyssey) and Sanskrit Māra. Folk belief in Newfoundland, South Carolina and Georgia describe the negative figure of the Hag who leaves her physical body at night, and sits on the chest of her victim. The victim usually wakes with a feeling of terror, has difficulty breathing because of a perceived heavy invisible weight on his or her chest, and is unable to move i.e., experiences sleep paralysis. This nightmare experience is described as being "hag-ridden" in the Gullah lore. The "Old Hag" was a nightmare spirit in British and also Anglophone North American folklore. In Fiji the experience is interpreted as "kana tevoro" being 'eaten' or possessed by a demon. In many cases the 'demon' can be the spirit of a recently dead relative who has come back for some unfinished business, or has come to communicate some important news to the living. Often persons sleeping near the afflicted person say "kania, kania" (eat! eat!) in an attempt to prolong the possession for a chance to converse with the dead relative or spirit and seek answers as to why he/she has come back. The person waking up from the experience is often asked to immediately curse or chase the spirit of the dead relative, which sometimes involves literally speaking to the spirit telling him/her to go away or using expletives. In Nigeria, "ISP appears to be far more common and recurrent among people of African descent than among whites or Nigerian Africans"and is often referred to within African communities as "the Devil on your back. In Turkey and in many of islamic beliefs, Sleep Paralysis is called "Karabasan"(this will be in our next post) which is very similar to the classic story of a demon visiting a person in sleep. Basically an islamic demon [(most commonly people say it is a Djinn (Cin in Turkish)] comes to one's room, holds him down hardly enough to not allow any kind of movement, starts to strangle the person and actually many people say that they hear the voice of the djinn or satan. To get rid of the demonic creature, one needs to pray to God (Allah in islamic beliefs) with certain lines from Quran. If one does not pray soon enough, it is said that the demonic creature will kill the person by strangling. Some woman actually believe the creature raped them through this process due to waking up with pain around the area of their genitalia and with a feeling of a headache. Various forms of magic and spiritual possession were also advanced as causes. In nineteenth century Europe, the vagaries of diet were thought to be responsible. For example, in Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol, Ebenezer Scrooge attributes the ghost he sees to "... an undigested bit of beef, a blot of mustard, a crumb of cheese, a fragment of an underdone potato..." In a similar vein, the Household Cyclopedia (1881)offers the following advice about nightmares:
If it was just normal lucid dreaming and so forth, why are we all having the same dream. The same evil presence in the room. Hearing whispering. A lot of us seeing the very tall dark robe guy and then sometimes very short presence as well. Why wouldn't it match our fears, such as snakes all over us, or whatever our worst fear is. It makes no since, and I have yet to read anything conclusive to explain SP, just guesses, that it could be sleep apnea or lack of sleep or because you are sleeping on your BACK, I mean give me a break, at least acknowledge the fact most of us have a brain.
What are your thoughts, click the comment button below and I will copy it into a post for others to reply to our opinions.
This to me is very frightening - note where they
state due to the alarming amount of people dying in their sleep they
were forced to create “Sunden Nocttunral Death Syndrome (SUNDS)
Ok, now we have people that are dying from something that a lot of scientist and health officials are saying that "oh it is nothing, harmless, just common ole sleep paralysis" AND then create a name by force to have a diagnosis to put on paper as to why these people or better yet a cause of death. These are the same people that say hey we really don't know what it is, but don't worry about it, sleep on your side and you will be ok, if not well, then we will just say you died of Sudden Nocttunral Death Syndrome, no big deal.....What is wrong with this picture?
Reminds me of a childhood saying, I think it is Shakespeare. 'Oh What a tangled web we weave when first we practice to deceive.
Comments Please
These experiences are very terrifying and are occurring at alarming rate.
If you have suffered from anything that is not listed here, please let us know so we may add it to the list.
Personally over my years battle, I have experienced all of the things that I have listed. I of course did not experience them all each time, but the majority of the things on the list, I experienced on most nights. The one thing that I experienced just about every single time was the dark shadow figure. He always seemed to be there. I guess that is why the article below caught my attention. It is hard to believe that these things are not occurring to you with a real person.
I know prayer regardless of your religion seems to help for some reason, that I know for a fact. As soon as I would pray for it to stop, it would.
Up next we will be discussing the beliefs of some on Astral Catalepsy.
Until then, I wish you all sweet dreams

Interviewer: Ruchi can you please tell us when these paralytic attacks started?
Ruchi: I
do not remember the exact date, I think it was in March 2002. I can
clearly remember the first time it happened. I had just finished a nice
home-cooked meal and was lying back on the sofa in the living room when
it happened. At the time, I was living with my parents in the UK. It
was an eerie experience as I was fully conscious but could not move my
body however hard I tried. Even though my dad was just next to me
watching television, I could not call out for help. I later found out
that he thought I was sleeping as my eyes were closed. I could feel my
blood circulating very fast and there was this buzzing sound. I thought
I was having a heart attack.
Interviewer: How long did it last for?
Ruchi: About an hour.
Interviewer:
Ruchi, was there any plausible explanation about what could have
prompted this, I mean were you on any medication, depressed, stressed
or do you have any history of hearing sounds?
Ruchi:
No. I am pretty much the average person doing things by the book, I
cannot see any reason why I would have had such an experience.
Interviewer: Did it recur after that?
Ruchi: Yes, it did about six or seven times in the years, until I got married in 2004.
Interviewer: Did you tell anyone about it?
Ruchi: No, as I felt people would think I am going crazy.
Interviewer: So after getting married did it subside?
Ruchi:
No, on the contrary, it increased in intensity after I got married and
settled in Brisbane, Australia. In fact, there was one afternoon when
my husband was working with a friend of his in the other room while I
was resting in the bedroom. It happened again and lasted for some 3
hours. I could not call out for help even though they were just in the
next room.
Over the past 1 year it has increased
both in frequency and intensity. It got to a point where it was
happening every second day. During every paralytic attack, I felt a
pressure on my body. It was generally restricted to the chest and the
throat region. In some cases the pressure on my chest escalated to
throttling of my neck. During the attack, I have difficulty breathing
and I feel suffocated. The attacks last from a few minutes at a time to
3-4 hours in some cases. Quite often it is accompanied by a foul smell.
Another peculiarity is that it is most likely to occur on full moon and new moon days.
Interviewer: The reason as to why it is more likely to happen on a full moon day is because ghosts are most active on this day.
Ruchi:
I see. My sleep at night was at best intermittent and I would end up
going to work tired. I was always sleepy and yet I was fearful of going
to sleep. Off late I am also able to perceive a presence just before it
happens.
Interviewer: So how do you come out of it?
Ruchi:
Well, I cannot do much while I am in a paralysed state. I try to call
out to my husband for help. Some times a few muttering noises come out
of my throat, which then alert him about my condition. At the time, he
shakes me and I am released from the paralysed state. On other days it
is a waiting game until I am released from the state.
My
husband is a seeker who is practicing Spirituality under the guidance
of the Spiritual Science Research Foundation. He would advise me to
take spiritual remedies to counteract this paralysis and tell me that
it was because of an attack by a ghost. Initially I would not believe
it and was casual about putting the spiritual remedies into action.
Later as the attacks increased I became more sincere with the spiritual
preventive remedies.
Interviewer: What were the spiritual preventive remedies and did they help?
Ruchi: I take a number of spiritual preventive remedies.
| |
Having
no background of this type of remedy, I was a bit skeptical initially.
However the distress was so overwhelming that I was ready to do
anything to get rid of it. As I experienced a reduction in attacks
after taking these precautions, I gained faith and invested in them
more seriously.
It is like I fortify a protective
sheath around myself by taking these precautions. On the days that I do
not take these precautions, I am more likely to get an attack of sleep
paralysis.
Interviewer: I understand that Dr. Athavale recently gave you some advice.
Ruchi: Yes, He asked me to do ‘nyaas’.
I need to bunch my fingers towards my chest and chant Sree Gurudev
Datta as much as possible. I was to do this along with the other usual
precautions that I explained earlier.
I put them
into practice immediately and there was an immediate effect. It’s been
about three weeks now and I have not had a case of sleep paralysis. On
one or two occasions in the three weeks it recurred fleetingly for a
few minutes. After a very long time I am able to get a good night’s
rest.
Interviewer: Would you like to add anything?
Ruchi:
I feel there is a positive thing that has come out of this experience.
I am much stronger mentally as I know I have the tools to fight my
difficulty. I also realise the importance of regular spiritual practice
and the need to protect myself spiritually.
End of quote
I am very interested in their views and the amount of effort put forth regarding their views versus the scientific views. I have posted more on my web site on the main page in the first column mid way down that describes their argument step by step versus the scientific explanation. I see no need to reiterate it here, so please check it out for your self at www.old-hag.com and let me know what you think.
SherryMost common are those people who experience attacks once or occasionally with recurrences happening months or years later. Sometimes, people are victimized by these attacks repeatedly for a week or two. The rarest are people who have frequent chronic attacks for long periods of time.
Old Hag attacks can happen at night and during the day.
David Hufford has written the most comprehensive book, The Terror that Comes in the Night, about the Old Hag Syndrome. When he began this work, he thought it would take a few months and the result would be one article. It took him almost ten years of research and the result was his book, which considers beliefs about spiritual evil that are universal from the perspective of scientific research about sleep paralysis.
He is a Professor of Medical Humanities and has joint appointments in Behavioral Science and Family Medicine, at the Penn State College of Medicine. Hufford is Director of the Doctors Kienle Center for Humanistic Medicine. At University of Pennsylvania, he is an adjunct professor of religious studies and a faculty member in the Master in Bioethics Program.
Hufford began his research in the Old Hag Syndrome when he was a member of the faculty in the Folklore Department of Memorial University of Newfoundland in 1971. He discovered that beliefs and reports of the paranormal, such as ghosts, omens, Will-o'-the-Wisp, ghost ships death omens and others were common and found in many cultures.
He discovered many of the islanders were familiar with the Old Hag Syndrome. One person said it was like someone was holding a person down when he was sleeping. There was paralysis and all he could do was scream. People believed that a person would die if not awakened.
Hufford began to research this phenomenon by writing questionnaires and interviewing people. He talked to those who had experienced Old Hag as well as those who knew someone who had experienced this.
He found the primary definitive features to be a person's impression of being awake, paralysis, fear of moving or restraint, realistic perception of the environment and fear. Secondary features, reported more than once were lying on one's back, sensing a presence, feeling pressure, usually on one's chest and a supernatural presence, which were the most common and most people experienced one or more of these. The fear of dying was not as common.
Hufford found theoretical causes of Old Hag. One is calling the Hag. One case involved a romantic triangle between John, Robert and Jean. Jean and John were dating steadily, but Robert was trying to date her. About a month after he began this, he was being hagged. He felt pressure on his chest, as if he were being strangled. He was told to put a board over his chest and hold an open pocket knife. When he woke the next morning, the knife was impaled in the board. Had it not been for the board, he would have been killed.
Robert believed that John was the Hag and that his jealously was the cause of the hagging. He thought that maybe the Hag did not return because it thought it had killed him. He told people that the Hag was human. He could hear the footsteps and recognize it. He could not speak, just grunt. His throat was affected and his breath was taken away. The Hag appeared when he was sleeping, but its presence woke him. He was always lying on his back when this happened and, usually, he was also stressed. He believed the Hag was the result of a curse.
Later, Robert learned that according to lore, the way to call a hag is to recite the Lord's Prayer backwards in the devil's name. To avoid a Hag, one draws blood or uses the word of God and keeps a light on.
Another case is the hagging of a woman. The informant said he and his friends were in a bunkhouse and a pretty girl was there. One of the men wanted to kiss her, but she refused, so he said he would hag her. She did not believe he would do this. That night, she saw the man standing over her bed with a knife. She was paralyzed and frightened. Her mouth foamed. Her father was able to bring her around by repeating her name backwards.
The informant said after the girl went home, the hagger removed his clothes, knelt and said the Lord's Prayer backwards. He went under the covers, pulled out a knife and stabbed it in a side board several times. The man repeated, "Hag good Hag," from time to time.
The informant believed that while the hagger was in bed, his spirit hagged his victim. I think that the most likely explanation, if this is true, is that this was done by an out of body experience, OBE. OBEs have been researched and documented.
After this happened, the girl said that if she had known he was going to hag her, she would have had a bottle ready because of the belief that a spirit will die if it is swung at with one. When the man learned about the bottle, the hagging stopped.
There was the elderly woman who woke up every night for a month. She experienced cold sweats, panic and frenzy, as if she had epileptic seizures. She was treated for epilepsy. The treatment did nothing.
A doctor who had treated people in the community for over twenty years was consulted. He found out that the victim believed that an old lady who was known as a witch was witching her. His advice was for her to urinate in a bottle, cap it and put it under her bed, which she did.
Several days later, the reputed witch went to see the doctor to ask him to have the victim undo the bottle. He told her to remove the curse she had put on the victim. She did. Both of the women were cured.
The reason why the "witch" saw the doctor? She could not urinate.
Supernatural explanations are the oldest ones to be believed by Newfoundlanders. The belief continued into modern times.
Old Hag Syndrome.... Is the cause physical? Entities? Witchcraft? OBEs? Telepathy? Psychiatric? Psychological? Or combination of two or more? Each theory offers its own evidence and beliefs. Until there is more research, I rule nothing out.
Guiley, Rosemary Ellen, The Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits. ISBN: 0-8160-2846-X.
Hufford, David J., The Terror that Comes in the Night. ISBN: 0-8122-1305-X.
Lombard, Eric, By Lust Possessed, 1980, New York, Signet. No ISBN.
Article by Jill Stefko"
located at http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/paranormal_realm/118565/1
Most common are those people who experience attacks once or occasionally with recurrences happening months or years later. Sometimes, people are victimized by these attacks repeatedly for a week or two. The rarest are people who have frequent chronic attacks for long periods of time.
Old Hag attacks can happen at night and during the day.
David Hufford has written the most comprehensive book, The Terror that Comes in the Night, about the Old Hag Syndrome. When he began this work, he thought it would take a few months and the result would be one article. It took him almost ten years of research and the result was his book, which considers beliefs about spiritual evil that are universal from the perspective of scientific research about sleep paralysis.
He is a Professor of Medical Humanities and has joint appointments in Behavioral Science and Family Medicine, at the Penn State College of Medicine. Hufford is Director of the Doctors Kienle Center for Humanistic Medicine. At University of Pennsylvania, he is an adjunct professor of religious studies and a faculty member in the Master in Bioethics Program.
Hufford began his research in the Old Hag Syndrome when he was a member of the faculty in the Folklore Department of Memorial University of Newfoundland in 1971. He discovered that beliefs and reports of the paranormal, such as ghosts, omens, Will-o'-the-Wisp, ghost ships death omens and others were common and found in many cultures.
He discovered many of the islanders were
familiar with the Old Hag Syndrome. One person said it was like someone
was holding a person down when he was sleeping. There was paralysis and
all he could do was scream. People believed that a person would die if
not awakened.
Hufford began to research this phenomenon by writing questionnaires and interviewing people. He talked to those who had experienced Old Hag as well as those who knew someone who had experienced this.
He found the primary definitive features to be a person's impression of being awake, paralysis, fear of moving or restraint, realistic perception of the environment and fear. Secondary features, reported more than once were lying on one's back, sensing a presence, feeling pressure, usually on one's chest and a supernatural presence, which were the most common and most people experienced one or more of these. The fear of dying was not as common.
Hufford found theoretical causes of Old Hag. One is calling the Hag. One case involved a romantic triangle between John, Robert and Jean. Jean and John were dating steadily, but Robert was trying to date her. About a month after he began this, he was being hagged. He felt pressure on his chest, as if he were being strangled. He was told to put a board over his chest and hold an open pocket knife. When he woke the next morning, the knife was impaled in the board. Had it not been for the board, he would have been killed.
Robert believed that John was the Hag and that his jealously was the cause of the hagging. He thought that maybe the Hag did not return because it thought it had killed him. He told people that the Hag was human. He could hear the footsteps and recognize it. He could not speak, just grunt. His throat was affected and his breath was taken away. The Hag appeared when he was sleeping, but its presence woke him. He was always lying on his back when this happened and, usually, he was also stressed. He believed the Hag was the result of a curse.
Later, Robert learned that according to lore, the way to call a hag is to recite the Lord's Prayer backwards in the devil's name. To avoid a Hag, one draws blood or uses the word of God and keeps a light on.
Another case is the hagging of a woman.
The informant said he and his friends were in a bunkhouse and a pretty
girl was there. One of the men wanted to kiss her, but she refused, so
he said he would hag her. She did not believe he would do this. That
night, she saw the man standing over her bed with a knife. She was
paralyzed and frightened. Her mouth foamed. Her father was able to
bring her around by repeating her name backwards.
The informant said after the girl went home, the hagger removed his clothes, knelt and said the Lord's Prayer backwards. He went under the covers, pulled out a knife and stabbed it in a side board several times. The man repeated, "Hag good Hag," from time to time.
The informant believed that while the hagger was in bed, his spirit hagged his victim. I think that the most likely explanation, if this is true, is that this was done by an out of body experience, OBE. OBEs have been researched and documented.
After this happened, the girl said that if she had known he was going to hag her, she would have had a bottle ready because of the belief that a spirit will die if it is swung at with one. When the man learned about the bottle, the hagging stopped.
There was the elderly woman who woke up every night for a month. She experienced cold sweats, panic and frenzy, as if she had epileptic seizures. She was treated for epilepsy. The treatment did nothing.
A doctor who had treated people in the community for over twenty years was consulted. He found out that the victim believed that an old lady who was known as a witch was witching her. His advice was for her to urinate in a bottle, cap it and put it under her bed, which she did.
Several days later, the reputed witch went to see
the doctor to ask him to have the victim undo the bottle. He told her
to remove the curse she had put on the victim. She did. Both of the
women were cured.
The reason why the "witch" saw the doctor? She could not urinate.
Supernatural explanations are the oldest ones to be believed by Newfoundlanders. The belief continued into modern times.
Old Hag Syndrome.... Is the cause physical? Entities? Witchcraft? OBEs? Telepathy? Psychiatric? Psychological? Or combination of two or more? Each theory offers its own evidence and beliefs. Until there is more research, I rule nothing out.
Guiley, Rosemary Ellen, The Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits. ISBN: 0-8160-2846-X.
Hufford, David J., The Terror that Comes in the Night. ISBN: 0-8122-1305-X.
Lombard, Eric, By Lust Possessed, 1980, New York, Signet. No ISBN.
Article by Jill Stefko"
located at http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/paranormal_realm/118565/1
"Particularly in the small outpost communities everyone knows what the 'old hag' experience is. So someone might get up in themorning and say 'oh I was hagged last night' and everyone knows exactly what happened to them. People in these traditional societies have agreat range of explanations for the experience - everything from a condition of the blood, to vampires, to being haunted by an old woman .. . this knowledge seems to have disappeared from urban societies."
Infact in urban societies you're more likely to have people describe their experience as one of 'alien abduction', according to the study."The little grey men have become a modern icon, so it's not surprising that they are stored somewhere in our memory." And our brain graspsthese images to explain the 'fear' it senses.
"The emotion offear accompanies threats and dangers. When you activate fear you activate a whole set of strategies to deal with danger. If you considerthe fact that the part of your brain responsible for fear [the limbic system] is active at the same time that you're awake and paralyzed andhelpless, this would tend to aggravate this condition."
Essentiallyyour brain strains to find clues to understand what it perceives as a threat. The sound of the fan becomes a whispering voice, a creakbecomes a demon climbing on the bed, and when the brain doesn't have a stimulus, it makes one up.
Despite this rational explanation, I still shudder at the thought of the evil presence I sensed in my room.It was so real I find it hard to believe that my brain could fabricate such a terrifying hoax. "
